Section E

Section E contains data from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Disability Form, depression screening data from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10) and quality of life data from the Short Form 12 (SF-12).

E.1 Longitudinal Life Disability

Description

This section contains physical function data from the LIFE Disability Form (1), of which Katz Activity of Daily Living (ADL) data is a component. This tool collects self-reported ADLs and instrumental activities. The modified list of six Katz ADLs were captured include walking, bathing, dressing, transferring from a bed or chair, using the toilet, and eating. Instrumental ADLs captured include doing light housework, preparing own meals, managing own money, using the telephone, doing errands, taking care of a family member, visiting relatives or friends, participating in community activities, taking own medications. Mobility activities captured include walking one block, walking a quarter of a mile (about two or three blocks), walking one mile, climbing one flight of stairs, walking in the grocery aisle without sitting or leaning on the cart, getting in and out of a car. Upper extremity activities (tertiary) captured include lifting heavy groceries or ten pounds, raising arms overhead, lifting heavy objects, gripping with hands.

Initially the basic ADL questions were only administered at six-month phone calls if a physical disability trigger (i.e. a report of ‘a lot of difficulty’ or ‘unable to do’ or needing assistance for one of the six basic ADLs) was recorded at the preceding annual visit. However, in order to improve detection of physical disability triggers, in February 2013 the modified list of Katz ADL questions was added to six-month phone call data collection.

Timing of Data Collection

Data in this section was collected at Visit 1, which occurred prior to randomisation during the screening process, and annually thereafter. The basic ADLs were also captured at each six-month phone call or when a reassessment was required.

Summary of Data Dictionary

This section contains nominal and ordinal data. All measures in this section were captured at baseline and at each annual visit. The basic ADLs were collected at baseline and then biannually (at each annual visit and six-month phone call). Responses of ‘a lot of difficulty’, ‘unable to do activity’ or requiring assistance for any one of the six basic ADLs was considered a trigger for the physical disability endpoint and the questions were re-administered approximately six months later. The basic ADL variables linked with six-month phone calls conducted prior to February 2013 have been annotated with a commentary code of 2 to indicate that they were not active at the time of data collection. Variables collected annually have been named sequentially to represent the timing of and sequential manner of data collection.

E.2 Longitudinal CES-D 10

Description

This section contains data collected from the CES-D (2) Version 10. The CES-D 10 is a modified version of the CES-D questionnaire which omits questions related to lifestyle that are covered by the LIFE questionnaire. The CES-D 10 is a validated questionnaire that was used as a screening tool for depression and was administered in conjunction with the 3MS to ensure that a low 3MS score was not the result of depression. The CES-D 10 is a brief, self-administered ten item questionnaire which asked the responder to indicate how often they have felt a certain way in the past week. Annual administration of the CES-D 10 was introduced on 1 Jan 2015 when additional funding became available. Prior to this, the test was administered at Visit 1 and odd year annual visits only.

Timing of Data Collection

The CES-D 10 was performed at Visit 1, which occurred prior to randomisation during the screening process, and annually thereafter.

Summary of Data Dictionary

This section contains ordinal data only. Variables linked with even year visits conducted prior to Jan 2015 have been annotated with a commentary code of 2 to indicate that they were not active at the time of data collection. Variables collected annually have been named sequentially to represent the timing of and sequential manner of data collection.

E.3 Longitudinal SF-12

Description

This section contains data collected from the SF-12 (3). This tool is a self-administered, 12 item questionnaire that is used to assess mental and physical functioning and provide an overall health-related quality of life. Items in this questionnaire relate to physical functioning, mental health, role functioning (physical and emotional), health perceptions in the last year, energy level and pain level.

Timing of Data Collection

The SF-12 was performed at Visit 2, which occurred prior to randomisation during the screening process, and annually thereafter.

Summary of Data Dictionary

This section contains ordinal data only. Variables collected annually have been named sequentially to represent the timing of and sequential manner of data collection.

References

1. LIFE Study Investigators, Pahor M, Blair SN, Espeland M, Fielding R, Gill TM, et al. Effects of a physical activity intervention on measures of physical performance: Results of the lifestyle interventions and independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 Nov;61(11):1157–65.

2. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977 Jun 1;1(3):385–401.

3. Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996 Mar;34(3):220–33.